Variation in geology and climate helps drive and maintain biological diversity. Because temperature, moisture, and light levels vary with latitude and longitude, elevation, and soil type, animals and plants have evolved physical and behavioral adaptations suited to the environments created by these conditions.
North America is home to many tens of thousands of animal and plant species, many of which are closely tied to specific ecological communities. These communities range from treeless Arctic tundra to lush tropical rainforests.
Click to expand images below.
Tropical Rainforest
North American tropical rainforests are found in the southernmost areas of the continent and are among its most species-rich regions.
High Arctic Tundra
This habitat is one of the most northern points of land on Earth. Though growing conditions are harsh, many dozens of species occur here.
Sonoran Desert
The Sonoran Desert spans southeastern California and northwestern Mexico. Because it gets very little rain, species have adaptated to the hot, dry conditions.