Earth is home to millions of recognized species, with more being found every day. They exhibit an incredible range of forms, functions, behaviors, life histories, and interactions.
After years of study and observation, Charles Darwin provided substantial evidence for evolution, along with a mechanism—natural selection—for how it happens. Support for evolution is widespread. It is found in many places: the fossil record, genetics, the form and structure of organisms, and where they live on the planet.
Click to expand images below.
A Close Fit
Evolution can lead to specialized relationships among living things. Some species of columbine have flowers that have evolved to fit the mouth of a moth.
Look-Alikes
Evolution can lead to similarities between unrelated organisms. Mammals have independently evolved spines four times, likely as a defense against predators.
Deceptive Forms
Many species have evolved deceptive color patterns, shapes, smells, and behaviors. The mantis shrimp has threatening eyespots on its tail and shell, to frighten predators.
Use it or Lose It
Over time, some features of living things—like wings—may be reduced, lost, or repurposed. Kiwis and cassowaries have each lost the ability to fly.
Radical Change
Many organisms take on different forms during their lifetimes. Caterpillars—juvenile stages of moths and butterflies—eat plant parts while adults drink nectar or sap.
All photos: credit Andy Melien / Yale Peabody Museum